Overall, this prototyped contraption realized a rapid and ultrasensitive quantification of ENR down to 0.1&nbsp;μg/L along with a broad linear range over 5 orders of magnitude, plus excellent selectivity and precision even for real samples. Such innovative fusion across DNA-structured nanomanufacturing and intelligent perception provides a prospective and invigorating solution to point-of-care inspection. In this work, we explored a high efficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor based on the synergistic enhancement strategy of Zn-doped MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) and reductive Cu(I) particles. On the one hand, Zn-doped MoS2 QDs with sulfur vacancies were designed to improve the ECL activity of QDs. The regulated sulfur vacancies with zinc doping resulted in adsorption and coordination with transition metals of H2O2 as coreactant. On the other hand, reductive Cu(I) particles were prepared to further catalyze the coreactant in the ECL system. The tight combination of glutathione (GSH) and copper in reductive Cu(I) particles can perfectly stabilize Cu(I) with outstanding catalytic activity in neutral pH condition. Under reduction of the cathode, the reductive Cu(I) particles acted as the catalytic role continuously. As a result, more ?OH were generated from H2O2. The signal of Zn-doped MoS2 QDs had 4.5-fold enhancement with the assistance of reductive Cu(I) particles. Furthermore, the DNA walker cycle was designed in presence of T7 exonuclease for HPV 16 DNA detection. The biosensor realized sensitive determination of HPV 16 DNA from 0.1&nbsp;nmol&nbsp;L-1 to 200&nbsp;nmol&nbsp;L-1 with the LOD of 0.03&nbsp;nmol&nbsp;L-1. Interestingly, the entire sensing system can be reproduced on a simple family-friendly device powered by batteries. The ECL signal captured by a smartphone can be processed into high-resolution imaging by self-developed software, which provides great possibility of point-of-care HPV 16 DNA determination in the future. Fabricating a state-of-the-art system capable of probing any chosen target molecule with a high degree of selectivity is the foremost objective of molecular recognition materials. In this paper, we developed a versatile target-probe utilizing zwitterion embedded molecularly imprinted mesoporous organosilica to fill the gap in our current capabilities. Graphene quantum dots were encapsulated as a signal transducer to prepare the fluorescent probe (NTIMO-zQ), and the concentration-dependent emission change was analyzed by adding 3-nitro-L-tyrosine (NT). The NTIMO-zQ showed an unprecedented degree of fluorescence quenching which also exhibited a sub-nanomolar sensitivity for NT; proving itself to be the most sensitive NT probe reported to date. By investigating the sigmoidal fitting of this quenching behavior, the selectivity performance can be quantitatively analyzed; and the resulting measurements are taken to determine the effective concentration (EC50) values with respect to NT. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/danicamtiv-myk-491.html The NTIMO-zQ probe presents an extremely low EC50 with NT (9.7&nbsp;nM) compared to several other NT analogues. The probe we have developed is both reproducible and repeatable with a satisfactory recovery rate (97-102%), and moreover, it exhibits suitably low detection limit (0.0129&nbsp;nM). The patterned LIG flakes are generally not interconnected due to the line gap of the laser ray, leading to lower uniform conductivity and fragile graphene. Thus, the fabrication of a highly conductive and mechanically robust LIG-based biosensing platform remains challenging. In this study, the fabrication of a flexible electrochemical biosensor is reported based on poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOTPSS) modified 3-dimensional (3D) stable porous laser-induced graphene (LIG) for the detection of glucose and pH. PEDOTPSS was spray-coated on the LIG to improve electrode robustness and deliver uniform electrical conductivity. The as-prepared PEDOTPSS modified LIG (PP/LIG) was characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Platinum and palladium nanoparticles (Pt@Pd) were successfully electrodeposited on PP/LIG, markedly enhancing the electrocatalytic activity for glucose detection. The fabricated biosensor exhibited an excellent amperometric response to glucose with a wide linear range of 10&nbsp;μM - 9.2&nbsp;mM, a high sensitivity of 247.3 μAmM-1cm-2, and a low detection limit (LOD) of 3&nbsp;μM, with high selectivity. In addition, the pH sensor was functionalized by the polyaniline (PANI) on PP/LIG, and it also exhibited excellent potentiometric response with a high sensitivity of 75.06&nbsp;mV/pH in the linear range of pH 4&nbsp;-&nbsp;7. Ultimately, the feasibility of the biosensor was confirmed by the analysis of human perspiration collected during physical exercise. This approach validates the utility of the novel fabrication procedure, and the potential of the LIG-conductive polymer composite for biosensing applications. Exosomes are nanoscale phospholipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicles released from cells with diameters of 30-150&nbsp;nm. Their contents reflect significant information regarding the cancer microenvironment from their parent cells, which attracts increasing attention as potential biomarkers for noninvasive early diagnosis. Among their detection methods, aptasensor has been becoming an attractive star with its properties of affordability, easy to use, fast response, high sensitivity, remarkable specificity, and multiplexing capability. This review mainly summarizes the recent advances of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamer-based sensors for cancer and tumor-derived exosomes detection. Firstly, we present a brief overview of aptamers and exosomes. Then, we introduce the exosomal proteins used as potential biomarkers of various cancers, and their specific ssDNA aptamers used in aptasensors. We emphasize eight major types of aptasensors fluorescent, electrochemical, colorimetric, luminescence, lateral flow strips, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surface plasmon resonance, and giant magnetoresistance sensors, based on fabrication methods, bio-recognition mechanism, as well as detection evaluation. The future directions and challenges are finally proposed for aptamers and their more applications in exosomes research.